Major Areas of Separatism in Indian Politics: An Analytical Discussion

Indian civilization is one of the oldest civilizations in the world. The combination of different religions, ethnicities, languages, cultures can be seen in India. At present there are about 1652 languages and scripts in India. Twenty-two languages are recognized in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. After independence in 1956, state reorganization was arranged on the basis of language in India. In the field of religion too, there is a great diversity in India. People of different religions live in India such as Hindus, Muslims, Jews, Persians, Jains, Buddhists, etc. According to the 2011 census, 79% of India's population belongs to the Hindu community. There are various deities in this Hindu community like Shakta, Vaishnav, Brahmin, Sikh etc. Another major area of separatism in Indian politics is the various issues involving SC's and ST's. About 24% of the total population in India belongs to SC's and ST's. In India, areas like Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram are mostly inhabited by Scheduled Tribes. Unity in diversity, on the one hand, has made India one of the most significant countries in the world, and in many cases, unity in diversity has emerged as one of the causes of marital conflict. At present, India is one of the most important countries in the world in terms of economy, politics, military and culture, but internal multi-lingual, ethnic, communal and religious conflicts have contributed to the overall development of India, pushed towards the separatist movement. In India even today it is not possible to use a single language as the official language of all the states. Even today, in the 21st century, new states have to be formed in India based on language, such as Telangana. A multicultural environment has developed in India through the interaction of different religions, languages and tribes and this has posed new challenges to India today.