Determining the disease outcome by cytokine storm during infectious diseases and targeting cytokines during sepsis: Possible therapeutic options

The term ‘sepsis' can be referred to as the dysfunction of organ(s) because of dysregulated and uncontrolled response of the host to that particular infection. As per statistics, more than 15 million sepsis cases have been recorded every year with around a 20% mortality rate. So, it is needless to mention the major threat this cytokine storm-induced syndrome is posing to public health throughout the world as both infectious and noninfectious diseases are involved with cytokine storm. A lot of evidence can be found on the major pathophysiological impact of cytokines during an infection, but no specific or effective treatment is available to target any inflammation effectively in sepsis. Numerous research has pointed out that it is possible to reduce the rate of mortality in severe sepsis by administering a low dosage of corticosteroids but unfortunately, no clinical benefits have been recorded during a large-scale clinical trial. But it is proven in a meta-analysis that anti-TNF treatment had been able to demonstrate a major reduction in the mortality rate of sepsis. The review would highlight some of the therapeutic interventions currently available to treat sepsis to get an overview. We would also focus on the association of cytokine storm in inducing sepsis.