Effects of Cognitive Aging on Phonological and Morphological Speech Production and Speech Errors among Bilingual Speakers: A Literature Review

Today's new norms have made communication between and among individuals from different languages and cultures inevitable. As such, studies concerning bilingualism – their effects to an individual and the speech community, among others – have increasingly pivotal to language educators and researchers which are reflected in a plethora of research articles and books across nations. Many have put their interest in exploring how bilingual speakers learn to produce word in at least two languages at once or simultaneously, and how other factors may affect their speech production. Viewing on the same lens, this paper provides a comprehensive review of studies which explored the effects of cognitive aging on the phonological and morphological speech production and speech errors of bilingual speakers. Through this, language educators and researchers, as well as parents, will be able to explore different opportunities that can champion an individual's learning and use of languages.