Observational Studies of Prescription Pattern and Use of Antibiotics in Selected Rural Areas

Rising antibiotic resistance amidst indiscriminate antibiotic use is a growing public health concern. Efforts to curb this trend have had limited success, particularly in developing nations. This study investigated antibiotic prescription patterns in India relative to the WHO's Aware, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) antibiotic grouping framework. Data was collected from retail and hospital-affiliated pharmacy outlets. Without prescription, 64% of antibiotics sold at retail outlets and 48% at hospital pharmacies. Lack of awareness on appropriate antibiotic use was observed among patients and pharmacists. Over-the-counter antibiotic purchases were higher in underserved communities with less healthcare access. Increased education on proper antibiotic use and resistance is urgently needed. More regulated antibiotic sales and expanded access to affordable healthcare are needed to curb rising antibiotic resistance. Better antibiotic stewardship through improved prescription practices aligning with the WHO's AWaRe framework can help optimize antibiotic use and preserve effectiveness of existing drugs.