FEATURES OF THE APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS AGAINST RUSSIA UNDER CONDITIONS OF FULL-SCALE WAR IN UKRAINE

The article examines the essence of sanctions as a scientific category and a practical tool, in particular, the provisions of the Law of Ukraine «On Sanctions» are analyzed in terms of the interpretation of this concept, the identification of possible objects of sanctions and the reasons for their implementation, as well as the approaches of domestic scientists to understanding the nature of sanctions. Based on the generalization of information, it was found that sanctions are restrictive measures of different nature, the purpose of which is to protect national interests and the rights, freedoms, and legitimate in‑ terests of citizens, society, and the state. The approaches to their classification of sanctions are considered, the thesis about the unequal impact of their various types on the sanctioned subject is substantiated. It was found that in order to achieve the maximum effectiveness of sanctions, it is important to achieve maximum transparency of the sanctions policy and to make it impossible to use sanctions tools to achieve advantages by those countries that impose them. In addition, the principles of the sanctions policy include the prevention of the negative impact of the implemented measures both on the economy of the imposer and on third countries. Considerable attention is paid to the change in the geopolitical situation and the geography of sanctions in the world after the start of a full-scale war in Ukraine. It was revealed that despite the fact that currently the largest number of sanctions in the world is implemented against Russia, in 2022 their impact on its economy was moderate, which is primarily due to the predominance of restrictions on individual individuals and legal entities among the sanction measures. At the same time, the most effective are sectoral sanctions, in the case of Russia — the installation of a ceiling on the energy carrier. This, as well as pressure on the aggressor's financial sector, should be priorities of Ukraine's partner states in the future. Another im‑ portant area of joint action should be the impossibility of Russian evasion and circumvention of sanctions using third countries.