Correlation Between Vitamin D Administration and Reduced Expression of VEGF and MMP-9 in Abnormal Endometrial Stroma (Experimental in Mice Models with Endometriosis)

Background: Women with vitamin D deficiency are at higher risk of having endometriosis. Endometriosis is a benign gynecological disease that occurs in women of reproductive age with multifactorial etiopathogenesis with high migratory and invasive potential. Invasion requires angiogenesis derived from vascularization mediated by VEGF and initiated by MMP. Vitamin D acts on women reproduction in target gene regions by inhibiting cell proliferation in various cancer cells through induction of apoptosis and G0/G1 arrest, suppression of angiogenesis, and modulation of growth factor receptor expression. This study aims to prove the role of graded vitamin D to decrease the expression of VEGF and MMP-9 administered to endometriosis model mice. Methods: Experimental study with ethical due diligence certificate no. 2.KE.144.12.2021 used 24 endometriosis model mice divided into 4 groups; 1 Control Group and 3 treatment groups that were administered vitamin D orally at a dose of 8 iu, 16 iu and 24 iu. The expression of VEGF and MMP-9 was assessed from the peritoneal tissue of mice in all groups. Results: It was found that there was a decreased average value of the expression of VEGF and MMP-9 of treated endometriosis model mice compared to that of untreated endometriosis model mice. The decrease in VEGF expression was not statistically significant, while the decrease in MMP-9 expression was statistically significant with a P value of 0.027. Therefore, there was a significant relationship between VEGF expression and MMP-9 expression with doses in the negative direction, the higher the dose, the lower the value of VEGF expression and MMP expression. Conclusion: Vitamin D can suppress angiogenesis by reducing the expression of VEGF and MMP-9 in endometriosis model mice at a dose of 24 iu.