The essence and basic mechanisms of crisis management of territorial communities development

The article defines the essence and modern mechanisms of crisis management of the territorial communities' development. Insufficient development of the crisis management at the local level was revealed, instead, the crisis management of enterprises and public crisis management at the national and regional levels are more developed. A crisis in the territorial community development is defined as its critical state, which arises as a result of a radical exacerbation of contradictions in the functioning of the system of key elements or an imbalance of their interaction, which is accompanied by the failure to fulfill the tasks of the territory development, a significant decrease in the quality of life of citizens, limited resources, in particular, time, capabilities of the local self-government to achieve set goals. Different types of activities within the framework of reactive and preventive crisis management are disclosed. Reactive activity includes mobilization of resources (internal and external); optimization of algorithms and volumes of collection and transmission of managerial information; determination of emergency measures. Preventive activities include monitoring and assessment of the current situation; identification of risks and possible crises for the short-, medium- and long-term perspective, their ranking; study of practical experience regarding similar crises; development of strategic crisis prevention and damage minimization measures. Legal principles of managing the development of territorial communities, taking into account risks and crisis situations, are determined by the Law of Ukraine "On the Principles of State Regional Policy", which also introduces special crisis management mechanisms at the local level in the conditions of war and post-war recovery. The author proposes a classification of crisis management mechanisms according to various features: functional purpose; by scope of application; by the duration of the crisis and its consequences; by openness of information. There is a dependence of the effectiveness of the implementation of crisis management mechanisms on a number of factors which generally relate to the personal qualities, knowledge and skills of the crisis manager, as well as the application of strategies, mechanisms, tools, techniques, approaches and methods of crisis management that are adequate to the situation.