Effect of Pangasius Hypophthalmus Fish Extract on Blood Sugar and Uric Acid Levels in Alloxan-Induced Rattus Norvegicus

Pangasius hypophthalmus fish, as a dietary source, contains vitamins and minerals that serve as antioxidants, effectively preventing oxidative stress. Diabetes mellitus is rooted in oxidative stress-related pathophysiology. The experimental subjects were categorized into three groups: K1, the control group without treatment; K2, intraperitoneally (i.p) induced with alloxan at a dose of 150 mg/kgBW on the seventh day, with a three-day interval; and K3, the treatment group, which, similar to K2, received alloxan induction while also being administered Pangasius hypophthalmus fish oil extract at a dose of 73 mg/kgBW through intragastric sonde for 14 days. Alloxan induction results in pancreatic cell damage and decreased insulin production, leading to dysregulation of blood glucose levels and consequent hyperglycemia. A significant reduction in blood glucose levels (p = 0.009) was observed in the alloxan-induced group and the alloxan-induced treatment group, which received Pangasius hypophthalmus fish oil extract. The presence of Omega-3 in Pangasius hypophthalmus oil stimulates zinc transportation to the cell membrane, promoting insulin stabilization, reducing degradation, and enhancing insulin sensitivity. Comparatively, uric acid levels demonstrated a decline in the alloxan-induced animal group when compared to the untreated group (p = 0.008). However, the observed mean increases in uric acid levels within the experimental animal group-induced by alloxan and subsequently administered Pangasius hypophthalmus fish extract-did not attain statistical significance (p = 0.059). The Pearson correlation test revealed a robust inverse association of -0.51 between blood glucose levels and uric acid concentrations. Pangasius hypophthalmus fish extract contributes to the reduction of blood glucose levels in experimental animals induced by alloxan. However, no distinct variance in uric acid levels was observed.