Structural design and construction using energy analytical modelling for sustainability: a review

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in research focused on designing sustainable structures (SS). Strategies for sustainable design aim to minimize the environmental, economic, and social impacts of structural components by considering their lifecycle, which includes the materials used, energy consumed, and waste generated during construction, operation, and disposal. The building sector alone accounts for about 37% of annual primary energy consumption (EC) in India. Recognizing the critical nature of this crisis, there is an urgent need to embrace and implement the practice of designing and constructing sustainable structures (DCSS). This approach is vital for reducing energy demand and intensity, thereby optimizing the overall building energy performance (BEP) and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Several approaches based on construction technologies have been proposed, advocating for the inclusion of sustainability right from the project's inception. A systematic literature review has been conducted, analyzing various considerations and approaches such as optimizing building orientation, maximizing daylight and ventilation, and employing energy-efficient (EE) systems, in conjunction with building information modeling (BIM) and energy analytical modeling (EAM), based on the country's existing regulations and standards. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of implementing design strategies and parameters for DCSS in green building rating systems (GBRS). The study presented in this paper aims to promote sustainable development (SD) by increasing awareness of the importance of sustainable and green building (GB) practices, and by encouraging individuals and organizations to incorporate environmental considerations into their building projects.