PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECT OF GENDER STEREOTYPES: RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS

Introduction. The interest of scientists in gender issues is connected, in particular, with the intensity of the women's movement, women's desire for egalitarianism, and an attempt to comprehend the role of women in the turbulent modern world. The specificity of gender stereotypes lies in the fact that they affect the deep structures of the human psyche. Passed down from generation to generation, they provide established patterns of behavior for both men and women, depending on gender differences. Gender differences can be particularly significant in the identification, realization and development of abilities as the most individualized manifestations of personality. However, due to the existence of persistent gender stereotypes in society, they often prevent capable, gifted children from realizing their potential. The purpose is to conduct a retrospective analysis of gender stereotypes that direct human behavior, often in a wrong direction, far from real life, and have a detrimental effect on the process of education and upbringing, in particular of capable, gifted children. Methods. The following theoretical methods and cognitive techniques have been used for achieving the purpose: analysis and generalization of scientific literature, comparison, synthesis, systematization and generalization of information. Results. The article provides a retrospective analysis of the phenomenon of gender stereotypes from the standpoint of masculine, feminine, biological and socio-cultural approaches. The author shows their influence on human behavior, prejudice and discrimination against women, as well as certain difficulties that arise in overcoming gender stereotypes. The article highlights the problems of capable, gifted children due to gender stereotypes in society, where family and school play an important role. The author offers the recommendations for overcoming gender stereotypes. Originality. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in the retrospective analysis of gender stereotypes, which mainly concern the adult population, as well as in the study of the impact of gender stereotypes on capable, gifted children. Conclusion. A retrospective analysis of scientific sources has shown that, on the one hand, gender stereotypes help people to adapt in society based on «images in their heads»; on the other hand, they negatively affect personal growth and are a barrier to individual development. Therefore, for full-fledged development and self-realization, it is necessary to get rid of the limitations formed by the gender stereotype. To do this, psychocorrection should be used in order to reduce the impact of stereotypes on the individual's life. We see further prospects for researching the problem of gender stereotypes in studying the peculiarities of stereotype formation at school age and developing correctional programs.