RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF SECURITY: MIGRATION CONTEXT

Introduction. Security needs grow in unstable conditions. The issue of security has become synonymous with the preservation of territorial integrity for Ukrainian society. External threats require scientists to conduct systematic research on security, combining methodological and practical rationales for security strengthening policies in various areas and levels. One of these areas is migration. The methodology of migration security research in Ukraine is insufficiently developed and tested. For its improvement, scientific intelligence is necessary regarding the general content of security and the evolution of the issues of its research. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to study the evolution of security issues and the development of security methodology with the determination of the place of migration security issues in them. Materials and methods. The materials of the study are: 1) works of foreign authors on general security issues; 2) international regulatory documents defining general approaches to the affirmation of human rights and freedoms. In the process of research the scientific methods were used: analysis and synthesis (for a critical and cognitive study of foreign cited publications on general security issues); theoretical generalization and grouping (for highlighting key ideas and conclusions in the evolution of security research issues); formalization (for the visual interpretation of the main result of the study — paradigmatic and conceptual accents in security studies from the 1950s to today and in the perspective of building a new security world order). Results. The works of well-known foreign scientists on general security issues in the article is reviewed. That made it possible to trace the evolution of the development of security. Security studies of the 1950s and 1970s are marked by the predominance of the “military” approach, which is methodologically interpreted by the paradigm of neorealism and the risky approach. Security was viewed through the lens of confrontation during the post-war reconstruction and Cold War periods. The content of security included national interests, the protection of the state against violations of its values. The further development of security science led to the identification of the main spheres of security — military, political, economic, ecological and social. The ideas of the works of famous scientists from the 70s of the 20th century corresponded to the “non-military” aspects of strengthening security with the predominance of neoliberal and constructivist paradigms of international relations. Studies of economic and social security, which focus attention on the issues of social security and insurance, economic inequality and vulnerability, personal security through guarantees of human rights and freedoms, have gained considerable popularity. In the synergy of economic and social security in the conditions of the realization of migration rights, the problem of migration security is highlighted. The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 actualized the study of “military” priorities for strengthening security. Global confrontation requires restructuring of the security world order. Therefore, the security of Ukraine, including its migration determinants, must be regulated through the prism of military-defense challenges and the possibilities of recovery in the conditions of persistent Russian aggression. Discussion. In further studies it is planned to continue the retrospective analysis of the security methodology, but with the main emphasis on the migration sphere. This will provide an opportunity to move to a comprehensive study of migration security and the policy of its strengthening in Ukraine.