Features of the Formation of Terminology Systems of Non-Humanitarian Disciplines

At the present stage of development of linguistics terminology as a science forms both a general theory, including such aspects as formation of the term, its structure, type (term, quasiterm, pre-term, terminological combination of lexical units); connection with the term of other languages, etc., and develops terminology systems of various disciplines. The study is a contrastive analysis of terminology systems of the hydraulic engineering industry, the theory of artificial intelligence and the sphere of state and municipal procurement. The material of the study was the texts of the specified industries, the terms were obtained by the method of continuous sampling. The novelty of the study is an appeal to three terminology systems of the Russian language, which belong to non-humanitarian disciplines for the purpose of universal and specific characteristics and the possibility of analyzing terminology systems according to the principle chosen by the authors. Three terminology systems are analyzed on the material of the Russian language and assessed by such parameters as the use of lexical units to express new concepts; dominance of elements of functional style: scientific or official-business; predominant use of lexical means of the Russian language or borrowed vocabulary. The study showed that the terminology systems under consideration demonstrate similarities in the use of terminological combinations for the nomination of new concepts. The specificity of the nomination of objects in the terminology systems of different industries is determined by the time of their formation, the degree of influence of foreign languages, primarily English, and extralinguistic factors. The terminology system of the hydraulic engineering industry belongs to the old terminology systems, is distinguished by its polycentric nature and contains terms formed mainly on the basis of units of the Russian language, which also have non-terminological lexical meaning. These characteristics are contrasted with the terminology systems of the theory of artificial intelligence and the sphere of state and municipal procurement, which are currently characterized as emerging. The system of terms in the sphere of state and municipal procurement is characterized by relative heterogeneity, which is manifested in the predominance of translation equivalents from English and translation cliched phrases, which brings it closer to the system of terms in the theory of artificial intelligence, the distinctive feature of which is the variability of terminological combinations.