Transformation of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Microparticles in Soil and their Effects on Soil Properties: A Review

Polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics have garnered significant attention because they are widely used as biodegradable alternatives to traditional plastics, especially in agriculture. This review examines the transformation mechanisms of PLA microparticles in soil and their subsequent effects on soil parameters, including physical, chemical, and biological factors. It integrates recent research and theoretical assessments of soil ecosystems to emphasize the importance of PLA microparticles in affecting soil pH, organic matter, and nutrient cycling. The review also explores key microbial interactions, focusing on how these particles influence microbial community composition and enzyme activity, which are essential for soil health and plant growth. Environmental factors such as moisture, temperature, and the presence of other organic materials are crucial mediators of PLA degradation and transformation in soil. Furthermore, the paper discusses the long-term ecological implications of PLA microplastics and highlights the need for extensive research to evaluate potential soil contamination and ecosystem disruptions. This synthesis aims to guide future research directions and develop effective strategies for incorporating biodegradable polymers into agricultural and environmental applications. Overall, this analysis provides a foundation for creating strategies to promote the long-term use of PLA microparticles to reduce plastic pollution while assessing their positive and negative impacts on soil systems.