Ancient philosophical ideas of the soul (Plato-Aristotelian tradition and Stoicism) as a source of Patristic Thought

The article discusses the ancient idea of the soul that in the patristic era has been enriched by the perception of the methodology of ancient philosophy. Greek and Roman thinkers considered some properties of the soul, its immortality, revealed its “levels and strata” (Plato, Aristotle), expressed first guesses about the nature of sinful passions (the Stoics). But some aspects still remained unresolved so far. This is the issue of materiality or immateriality, of the soul, which "raised" in the Russian Empire in the XIX century (the dispute saints Theophan the Recluse and Ignatius Brianchaninov) and remains relevant today.