3D CONCRETE PRINTING: MACHINE AND MIX DESIGN

3D concrete printing is an innovative construction method that promises to be highly advantageous in the construction field in terms of optimizing construction time, cost, design flexibility, error reduction, and environmental aspects. Concrete is extruded through a nozzle to build structural components layer-by-layer without the use of formwork or any subsequent vibration. The contribution of this study is to identify and resolve the various design and operational constraints o f 3D concrete printing, which are of vital importance for future development of this construction technique