CLASSIFICATION FEATURES LOW-RISE BUILDINGS AND THEIR CHANGES IN TIME

In recent years the construction of individual housing is the most promising and developing area. The significance of this trend is now much higher, this is confirmed as foreign experience in the construction and domestic demand for this type of housing. The choice from the point of view of the consumer is based on the main positions: housing must be affordable, comfortable. In the article the peculiarities of classification of low-rise housing on the basis of national standards. This classification applies to premises intended for residing in singlefamily homes including apartment buildings, townhouses, cottages and modular homes. Also this paper deals with the analysis of existing methods of classification, defined on the basis of materials of the building, particularly for foundations of low-rise buildings. With this purpose set out field investigations for low-rise buildings. Attention is paid to the classification of low-rise buildings. These homes have brick foundations and wooden walls. The study involved more than 200 low-rise buildings. In which considered plans of buildings, construction materials and their sizes. Features of the application of large-size bricks. Brick houses investigated in Chernihiv. Characteristics of bricks, mortar and foundations of historical buildings of the city. For example, survey data are the cathedrals and churches of the city. In what the basic dimensions of masonry bricks and mortar technology features placement of walls and foundations. The question of the durability of bricks XVII ? XVIII centuries. Studies confirm sufficient strength material. Attention is paid to the local experience of building low-rise buildings. These are literary sources and surveys of low-rise buildings. A survey of urban single-storey houses showed that the greatest impact on the buildings is changing soil conditions, increase deformability basis, weathering and humidification brick walls, cracking associated with the arrangement, extension, superstructure, arranging basements. The classification of residential buildings of the city of Chernigov with the release of low-rise buildings of various constructive schemes. Study, despite the considerable amount of houses to be complex. Many examples show that long-term operation of the building suffered significant deformation destruction. Analyzed wooden or stone construction of left-bank Ukraine. Given the characteristics of the wooden building. Shows the transition from wooden houses in stone. Only since 1812 began to build houses with European tradition, this time using only local experience. Data are made research in the city of Chernihiv.