AN EMERGING PARADIGM EXOSOMES: COMPOSITION, BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS, AND DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIALS

Cells continuously secrete many different types of micro vesicles including macromolecules and micro molecules in to the extracellular fluids. One of them is Exosomes which are nano-sized vesicles capable of transferring the DNAs, microRNAs, non-coding RNAs and lipids with or without direct cell to cell contact, so representing the novel way of intracellular communication. So in this review we tried to summarize the exosome structure, composition, formation, isolation and discuss their active roles in development, function and pathogenesis and their potential use for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in various diseases. Exosomes are perceived to be used as carriers between different locations of body. Exosomes are almost secreted by nearly all types of the cells and are also found abundantly in the body fluids such as saliva, blood, urine and breast milk. The major role of exosomes is to deliver the information by delivering various effectors or signaling molecules between the specific cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the exosomes their function, biological and therapeutic use as well as emerging exosomes based therapies that could not be applied before. Key words: Exosome, Microvesicles (MVs), microRNA, Dendritic cells (DCs), drug