Social and cultural aspects of the formation of the Ukrainian nation in the 19 century

The article deals with the influence of modernization processes in the XIX century on the formation of the ukrainian nation. The analysis of the scientific literature, which raised the issue of nation building. Only in the last decades of the twentieth century by E. Habsbauma, E. Gellner, B. Anderson and other researchers nationalism it became clear that the nation appeared as recently as the early twentieth century. In accordance with the well-known thesis E. Gellnera «not create a nation, nationalism, and nationalism of the nation». Analysis of the formation of the ukrainian nation engaged A. Ponomarev, Ya. Dashkevich, Ya. Isaevich, I. Lysyak-Rudnicki, R. Shporlyuk other. From the middle of the XIX century unfolds the process of formation of the ukrainian nation. This process is set to the logic of disintegration of traditional societies and records the decline of traditional multi-ethnic empires. It is noted that the formation of the ukrainian nation in the Russian empire was hindered by two factors. First - this is the repression of imperial power with respect to the Ukrainian national movement, and the second - that feeling of absence, to a certain extent, the «other» with respect to the Russian side by the ukrainian people of the same national movement. Regarding the Austro-Hungarian empire, the problem of the «other» appear in their entirety, allowing the background of this «other» to feel the unity of all ukrainian, and this in turn contributed to the galician ukrainians to become a self-conscious national community. And the community was much more crystallized as a nation compared with the amorphous part of the ukrainians, who were part of the Russian empire.