THE NEGOPOSITIVE SYNTACTIC CONSTRUCTIONS WITH ASYMMETRICAL OPPOSITE MEANINGS

The article is devoted to the problem of two opposite meanings of one and the same unit. On lexical and phraseological level this phenomenon was called «enantiosemy». However, it was claimed by the scientists rather long time ago that the opposite meanings can also be expressed on the sentence level. The versatility and split-level character of the phenomenon are conditioned by the influence of the anthropocentric factor on the whole communication process. The additional peculiarity that potentially predisposes syntactic constructions to their original meaning rethinking into the opposite one is characteristic of language sign asymmetry. The opposite meanings represented by a linguistic unit can have both symmetrical and unsymmetrical character. In this connection, it is reasonable to speak about the enantiosemical and quasi-enantiosemical syntactic constructions. There are a number of factors that potentially predispose the sentences to the enantiosemical reinterpretation and to the differentiation in the aspect of opposite meanings expressing. It enables to divide all syntactic constructions into three groups: maximally specialized, specialized and non-specialized sentence models. Moreover, the ability to express two opposite meanings can be potentially built-in on different levels of the sentence models concretization: abstract, morphological, generalized-lexical and concrete-lexical ones (i.e. on the level of speech model realization). The enantiosemical syntactic constructions possess a great pragmatic potential. This quality neutralizes the operation of the linguistic economy law in this part of the language system and determines the intensification syntactic constructions specialization on conveying expressive and ironical negation. The result is the polysemy destruction and the formation of one-meaning asymmetrical negopositive syntactic constructions