Emotional fundamentals of leadership: searching for individual differences

The article presents the results of the research on the emotional component of leadership. Individual and psychological peculiarities in the manifestations of leadership qualities, in the specifics of the leadership style of behavior of people who differ in emotionality, were studied. It is theoretically substantiated and empirically proved that a stable tendency to experience emotions of a certain modality (emotionality) determines the specifics of manifestations of leadership behavior. The results were obtained by solving the following research tasks: the search for relationships between indicators of emotionality and leadership traits of personality; representatives with different types of emotionality were identified, individual and psychological peculiarities of leadership were studied in these individuals. The relevance of the research is explained by the necessity to study the psychological factors of leadership, the search for differences in ways of human interaction with the world and with other people, in the theoretical and methodological generalization of the studies of emotional component, in developing purely applied aspects of leadership. The authors carried out the analysis of psychological literature on the definition and content of the concepts «leader», «type of leadership», «leadership style», «style of leader's behavior», «stylistic characteristics of leadership». Examples of leadership classification from the standpoint of searching for the emotional component in different leadership styles are considered. A representative sample of respondents aged 25–45 with a total number of 110 people was formed, 4 groups of people with a predominance of monomodal type of emotionality (tendency to experience one of the emotional modalities) were distinguished: joy (10 people), anger (6 people), fear (8 people)) and sadness (9 people). The results of diagnosing the emotional components were obtained with the help of «Psychodiagnostic four-modal test-questionnaire of emotionality» (О. Sannikova). In order to determine some manifestations of leadership, the method «Self-assessment of managerial constraints of the leader» (N. Fetiskina, V. Kozlova, Н. Manuilova) was employed. The results of grouping the indicators are presented with the help of correlation analysis, which revealed positive and negative significant connections between indicators of emotionality and leadership qualities. The revealed results prove the current effect of emotionality on the psychological features of leadership and its styles. It is revealed that representatives of each type of emotionality have their own set of limitations of the leader and their own, only their own characteristics, traits and leadership styles. The obtained results prove that emotionality is one of the factors of leadership, it determines the individual psychological specifics of their manifestations, similarities and differences