What Junior Researchers Must Know Before and After Data Collection: Difference between Parametric and Nonparametric Statistics

Often junior researchers face the challenge of inadequate knowledge and skills in statistical techniques because not all academic disciplines teach statistics. Although these researchers are supposed to conduct research as part of their academic award fulfilment, one wonders how to solve a given research problem statistically without introductory classes in the past. Thus, this article attempts to explain the primary scales of measurement for survey data. Furthermore, the paper differentiates between parametric and non-parametric test statistics by explaining distinctive statistical tests required for each type of measurement scale. A cross reference was used to synthesize relevant answers for the research question. As a topic of interest, frequently Journal reviewers and editors comment on the robustness of results based on the choice of measurement scale and the test statistics used. Therefore, the authors are motivated essentially to provide a comprehensive point of reference for researchers interested in quality statistical research methods.