Performance of Low-Cost Bio Adsorbents for the Removal of Metal Ions - A Review

Adsorption is widely used to remove various pollutants from wastewater. The adsorption process by using the activated carbon is expensive and uneconomical from the operational cost aspect. So, the alternative adsorbents include agricultural waste, industrial solid waste, sludge from treatment plants, soils, marine waste, etc are used. The various parameters which affect the adsorption process in batch and column studies are being optimized. The results obtained are used to fit in the available adsorption isotherms for verifying their feasibility. This review article presents the information about the application of alternative bio adsorbents along with conventional activated carbon for the removal or reduction of metal ions from the water and wastewater.