TRATAMENTOS FARMACOLÓGICOS E IMUNOTERAPICOS NO SARS-COV, MERS-COV E SARS-COV-2

Pharmacological treatment is essential in viral attenuation, preventing further clinical outcomes from worsening. Coronavirus is a pathogen with a high capacity for virulence and contagion, being able to trigger outbreaks at a high speed. As demonstrated in the SARS-CoV outbreak, MERS-CoV and the most recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in 2019, which had a greater proportion, calling itself a worldwide pandemic. This study aims to address aspects of pharmacological and immunotherapeutic treatments used in coronavirus outbreaks, exposing beneficial and harmful characteristics about a therapy used. It is a descriptive study, carried out a narrative review, using data from the period 2003 to 2020, using as databases the National Library of Medicine (Pubmed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciElo) and Center Diseases Central (CDC). For data validation, a binary selection of articles was adopted, which were treated in the Minitab® software. It can be seen that the treatments adopted between the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV outbreaks were similar. In the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, the therapeutic changes were clear, in which drugs with antiviral action were used in an OFF LABEL manner, including drugs in an attempt to reduce the new recurrent risks demonstrated in infected patients. It is concluded that the coronavirus has a high virulence rate, and numbers of infected people increase in a gigantic proportion, and, many times, clinical studies cannot keep up with demand. The pharmacotherapy used has been more effective in SARS-CoV-2 compared to other outbreaks, because, precisely, it has more clinical information on how to fight the virus.