Towards Carbon Neutral Airline Operations by 2045: The Case of Finnair PLC

In response to the growing concerns over their impact on the environment and climate change, a number of the world's airlines have announced plans to become fully "carbon neutral". Using an in-depth instrumental case study research approach, this study examines the strategies defined and implemented by Finnair to meet its goal of becoming a “carbon neutral” airline by 2045. The qualitative data, covering the period 2010 to 2019, was analyzed using document analysis. The study found that the operation of a modern, fuel-efficient aircraft fleet underpins Finnair's goal of becoming a carbon neutral airline. Other measures implemented by Finnair include a carbon offset program for its passengers and corporate customers, more sustainable waste management practices, the use of aviation biofuels where possible to power their aircraft operations, the use of biodiesel for ground service equipment (GSE), the electrification of ground vehicles, and measures to reduce aircraft weight. Finnair's annual Scope 1 carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from jet fuel usage have increased from 2010 to 2019 due to fleet and route network expansions. The airline's Scope 1 carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from ground vehicles fuel usage declined over the study period. The annual Scope 2 carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for electricity and heating oscillated over the study period reflecting changes in usage patterns, particularly for heating during the winter periods. Finnair's annual Scope 3 carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions exhibited an upward trend due to the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions associated with the manufacture of the airline's new Airbus A350-900XWB aircraft, the greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) associated with the production and transportation of jet fuel, emissions from leased vehicles, and emissions from cargo flights that were operated on behalf of Finnair Cargo.