Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and Diagnostic Techniques For COVID-19

From the turn of the twenty-first century through 2021, RNA viruses have been the primary cause of most illness outbreaks around the planet. Recent reviews on SARS-CoV-2 have primarily focused on the virus's structure, outbreak progression, suitable precautions, management trials, and possible medicines. Nevertheless, this review aims to look at the historical evolution of all coronaviruses and to accompany viral epidemics, as well as COVID-19 diagnostics in the twenty-first century. Different RNA viruses that impact individuals have been compared based on their genome, structure, outbreak period, mode of dissemination, virulence, causative agents, and transmission. Due to the current mayhem caused by the fast-developing virus, SARS-CoV-2, its genome upgrades and infectivity are receiving extra attention. Finally, current diagnostic techniques include nucleic acid testing (natural time polymerase chain reaction and loop-mediated isothermal amplification), CRISPR-based diagnostics (CRISPR-based DETECTR assay, CRISPR-based SHERLOCK test, AIOD-CRISPR, FELUDA, CREST), chest radiographs (computed tomography, X-ray), and serological tests (Lateral flow assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clinical signs, contact tracing, and laboratory tests are essential parameters to consider when making a final diagnosis in the current bleak situation.