Features of social and psychological adaptation of ukrainians to the conditions of migration in the USA

The article presents a theoretical study of the problem of socio-psychological adaptation of Ukrainians to the conditions of migration to the USA. Modern domestic and foreign literature was analyzed and it was found that migration is a multi-stage process unfolding over time, which contains many psychological aspects and is accompanied by the transformation of the entire system of social and psychological relations, including interpersonal, family, parental, labor, and leads to significant stress psychological mechanisms. Socio-psychological adaptation of migrants is manifested in the desire for self-preservation of personal integrity and self-realization, in the realization of basic personal and social needs and interaction with the surrounding society in specific conditions of existence. Objective and subjective factors affecting the dynamics of social and psychological adaptation of migrants are highlighted. The problems and stages of adaptation of Ukrainians in the USA were analyzed and the main indicators of maladaptation were identified, including: the inability to overcome difficult life circumstances, to experience stress; difficulties in understanding the interests of the environment, their needs; inability to take responsibility; feeling of psychological weakness, insecurity (inactivity, feeling of internal disharmony, helplessness, passivity, apathy, anxiety, aggressiveness or depression); increased emotionality, tendencies to assimilation reactions, and others. It has been established that the internal criterion of the effective adaptation of migrants is the feeling of satisfaction and fullness of life, and the external criterion is the individual's inclusion in the social and cultural life of the new group. The system of psychological assistance in the adaptation of Ukrainians in the USA was analyzed and conclusions were drawn about the need to find ways to improve it and create a program that will include the following areas: psychological support, assessment of the psycho-emotional state and correction of violations in it, development of adaptation potential to increase its effectiveness and overcoming the consequences of maladaptation