A Review on Efficient Micropropagation by Ex vitro Rooting

—The morphological and anatomical anomalies of in vitro rooted plants during micropropagation, like the absence of functional stomata, poorly developed cuticle and weak root system subject the plantlets to desiccation. Efforts made to improve these characteristics by controlling the stressful culture conditions greatly contributes to better rooting and acclimatization of the tissue culture grown plantlets. Introduction of ex vitro rooting during micropropagation overcomes these limitations. Since ex vitro rooting and acclimatization were done at the same time, gradual adaptation to the external environment, transition of the root system from a non functional structure to a functional one, and finally habituation of plantlets to ambient relative humidity and light irradiance takes place simultaneously. Ex vitro rooting simplifies micropropagation protocol, reduce labour, production cost and helps in the easy adaption of scientific technology from lab to land.