Mykola Vasylovych Gogol (1809-1852) and pedagogical thought of Ukraine

M. V. Gogol's teaching activity at Patriotic institute and the St. Petersburg university is shined. The characteristic of teachers and young Mykola's schoolmates in school days is provided. Sources of pedagogical ideas of M. V. Gogol in the developed education system at the Russian school of the 19th century are shown. The main pedagogical and didactic ideas of the writer which have found display in his literary creativity are investigated. Creative function of the identity of the teacher in the course of training is shown. It is specified belief of the writer in an organizing and making active role of dialogue training and the trainee in informative process. Cognitive value which M. V. Gogol allocated for evident tutorials is defined. The genetic linkage of pedagogical views of M. V. Gogol with Christian traditions of morality and an esthetics is shown. It is specified a conclusion of the writer about permanence of knowledge and education. Value which M. V. Gogol allocated for independent work of the trainee, individual creative judgment and development of a subject of knowledge, preservation of interest and receiving pleasure from acquisition of knowledge is found out. The key didactic and pedagogical principles articulated by M. V. Gogol are defined: "from the general to concrete", "from simple to difficult", "from known to the unknown". The logical structure of the didactics based on complete and comprehensive idea of the world is opened. Gogol's belief in a pedagogical role of historical knowledge which promotes formation of an accurate civic stand of the pupil on the basis of development of historical experience is revealed. Motives of refusal of M. V. Gogol from teaching activity and the subsequent its concentration on fiction as means to inform the main problems of education to broad masses modern to it societies are defined.