THE SPECIFICITY OF THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION OF JUNIOR PUPILS AT SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT

The purpose of the article is to provide the definition of the process of younger school students communication in school collective, as well as to determine the essence of the communicative act as an integral component of communication process. Among communication features we consider: active, converting, directed to maintenance activity of individuals, ensuring their joint activity and relationship. Communication is not enough to be considered as an information transfer or its perceptions as mutual informing demands to establish joint activity. Besides, information has to be not simply accepted, but to be comprehended. Exchange of information between people is characterized by the fact that partners can affect at each other by means of system of signs, that is exchange of information surely allows interaction of partners. Communicative influence is possible in case both participants of communication possess common system of coding. Being guided by the all-psychological theory of activity, O.Leontyev has developed quadriphase dynamic structure of the speech act. Each phase corresponds to a certain stage generation of the coherent statement, namely: - orientation in the conditions of a speech situation (identification of conditions of communication, definition of a type of a statement, its common goal, the addressee, style); - planning of the statement (what it is necessary to tell about), which provides selection of such language units which would be appropriate to a subject and the purpose of the statement, and also their arrangement in the corresponding sequence; - implementation of the program of the statement - generation of the coherent text; - control, that provides correlation of results of speech impact on the listener (reader) with a statement task; - identification and correction of mistakes in structure, content and speech execution of the statement. All phases of the communication act are considered at such levels of communication: 1. Conventional - the level of full human communication. 2. Primitive – characterized by the fact that for this purpose who speaks, the partner is a subject: he/she is either necessary, or disturbs, but has to be seized. 3. Manipulative (for "manipulator") - the partner rival in a game which must be won. The prize means benefit. 4. The standardized level, or "contact of masks". 5. Game - is characterized by refinement of contents and richness of shades. 6. Business - is characterized not only by the clearness, truthfulness, but also a certain level of creativity.