PRIMARY EDUCATION IN TRANSCARPATHIA IN THE 50-80-IES OF THE XX CENTURY

In the 50-ies years came the period of development of the primary education by the standards of the Soviet school after the difficult period of the formation of new school of the first decade of the joining the Transcarpathian region to the Soviet Ukraine. Soviet government had published a number of educational documents which regulated the organizational and pedagogical conditions for activity of the primary schools with state and national languages of training. In particular “The law on Strengthening of Connection the School with the Life and about the Further Development of the System of Public Education in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics” (1958). This Law foresaw the transition to a compulsory eight-year education. Since 1954 the government introduced compatible teaching of boys and girls in those settlements where they studied apart. Notable event in the reforming of education was the opening the groups of extended day at schools in 1956. In such groups of extended day were children who were not provided with the care of adults at extracurricular time. In Transcarpathia the groups of extended day actively worked during the period from 1963 till 1968 years, when were opened 96 such groups in Transcarpathia. In 1974 was adopted the Law of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic "On Public Education", which foresaw three year of education in the primary school. This Law also provided the creation of the preparatory classes for children who did not visit children's preschool establishments and pupils who studied non-native language. The purpose of the preparatory classes was to expand the public education, to create more favourable conditions for the comprehensive development of pupils and to help families in the upbringing of their children. The secondary schools with extended day or the groups of extended day are created at this time at presence of educational and material resources. At schools with national language of training the work was carried out on the development of speech in their native language or Russian at the preparatory class. By the Resolution "On the Main Directions the Reform of the Secondary and Vocational Schools" (1984) made the transition on four-year education at the primary school. The teaching of children is offered to begin from 6 years of age. This transition is caused by the preparedness of development of the system of preschool education. This system covered the absolute majority of children of the country. This resolution proposed to make the transition for teaching children of 6-year age gradually at school, to start in 1986. The positive in reforming of the primary education was made the target comprehensive program "Primary Classes", which has defined priority tasks of the primary education for 1981-1985 years (that is deployment of a network of the preparatory classes, the implementation of studies on restructuring school week, the introduction of teaching children from the age of six, enhance learning, training and development of primary school pupils etc.). The implementation of given program was carried out also based at the Transcarpathian schools, in particular based at schools of the area of Velykyi Bereznyi. In 1985 was proclaimed the course towards forming a new type of thinking in which common human values are the priority. In educational sphere also began "restructuring" both in the conceptual and in semantic relation: the return of Ukrainian education to the origins of the folk pedagogy, wide introduction of humanistic ideas of upbringing, etc.