Industrial Policy: Evolution of Scientific Approaches, Russian Specifics and the Impact on Enterprises’ Competitiveness

The study aims at identifying types and specifics of Russia's industrial policy as well as its impact on competitiveness of the Russian enterprises. The paper presents the findings of terminological analysis and systematization of the types of the state industrial policy. The novelty of the study is that it attempts to reveal the effects of the industrial policy on the Russian enterprises. The author concludes that the state economic intervention increases competitiveness of businesses only if parameters of an enterprise correspond to objectives of an industrial policy. This statement directly contradicts the stereotype that industrial policy is always a kind of a protective shield for domestic business. Having analyzed the evolution of the scientific approaches to industrial policy the author arrives to the conclusion that currently the state's role in economic relations is strengthening significantly across the world. The policy of the state capitalism is also peculiar to the Russian economic system. Based on the comparison of the declared and the real industrial policy in Russia a number of discrepancies were discovered. Particularly, the declared proactive policy turns out to be the active one and is limited to the system of catch-up measures