NATURAL-AND-MATHEMATICAL EDUCATION OF GIRLS IN INSTITUTIONS EMPRESS MARIA’S OFFICE (19TH – 20TH CENTURIES)

Introduction. Teaching the disciplines of mathematical and natural science cycle in educational institutions of the Department of Empress Maria in the ХІХ-th – the beginning of the ХХ-th century is studied in the article. The analysis of the activities of this Department has repeatedly been the object of study of Ukrainian and foreign scientists. However, the problem of girls' training in educational institutions of the Department of Empress Maria of disciplines of mathematical and natural science cycle separately has not been investigated yet. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to highlight the consistent patterns of the development of mathematical and natural science education in secondary schools of Department of Empress Maria in the ХІХ-th – the beginning of the ХХ-th century. Methods. To achieve the goal of the article various methods have been used such as bibliographic, inductive, empirical, analytical, retrospective, historical and comparative research methods. Results. The Department of Empress Maria included educational institutions, charities and hospitals; they have been the object of the activities of the Royal family, nobles and officials. Mathematical and natural science cycle included such disciplines as geography, natural science, mathematics (arithmetic, algebra, foundations of geometry), and at different periods, natural history, physics, basic hygiene, etc. Government reforms that took place during the ХІХ-th – the beginning of the ХХ-th century in education influenced the content of teaching mathematical and natural science disciplines in educational institutions of Department of Empress Maria. However, in comparison with educational institutions of other Departments, the Department of Empress Maria differed essentially at the least in the amount of hours for one or the other discipline. Originality. The originality of this study is to conduct analysis of the status and content of teaching mathematical and natural science disciplines in institutions of the Department of Empress Maria, which occupied an important place in the education system of the Russian Empire in the ХІХ-th – the beginning of the ХХ-th century. Conclusions. It is concluded in the article that educational institutions of Department of Empress Maria played a significant role in the development of female education in the Russian Empire in the XIX – early XX century. Education in these institutions was prestigious for pupils. The network of institutions developed rapidly. Educational programs were focused on the importance and necessity of disciplines of mathematical and natural science of girls' development. The positive achievements of the gender approach to the provision of mathematical and natural science education in the schools and institutes of Department of Empress Maria can be implemented in the educational process of modern school.