METHODS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF THE ALVEO-LAR ATROPHY PROCESS OF THE UPPER JAW AND THE PART OF THE LOWER JAW (Literature review)

Atrophy of the alveolar process of the upper jaw and the part of the lower one is a natural process that occurs as a result of teeth loss. Most often, within a few weeks after the re-moval of the teeth, loss of bone tissue is observed. A blood clot, which is formed in the socket after tooth extraction, often fills it incompletely. Its loss is possible due to pushing out with the help of the tongue, infection with subsequent development of suppuration. Justification of study: The success or failure of the orthopedic treatment largely depends on the volume of the alveolar process or the part. Lack of width can cause the difficulty of dental implantation or lead to the impossibility of its performance without additional surgical measures. Adaptation of the patient with severe jaw atrophy to orthopedic structures due to their unsatisfactory fixation is associated with serious problems, and sometimes it may not occur. Until recently, such patients were given orthopedic treatment repeatedly and sometimes unsuccessfully. However, at present, in such cases, reconstruction of atrophied alveolar process or part of it is carried out. Objective: To analyze the possibilities of methods of surgical treatment of alveolar process atrophy of the maxilla and part and to compare the success of the results of reconstructive manipulations. Methods: In a retrospective study 41 scientific publications were analyzed. The search for the original text material was performed using the Google Scholar search system. The articles selected for detailed analysis were published between 2010 and 2017. The results were interpreted in accordance with the main purpose of the study. Results: The data obtained from the systemic retrospective analysis do not provide sufficient evidence for the specific advantages of one method of surgical treatment of atrophy of the alveolar process of the upper jaw or the part above the other. Each of the abovee-mentioned techniques should be selected according to the anatomical conditions of the particular patient. The volume of necessary surgical interventions depends on the severity of the jaw bone tissue atrophy. Conclusions: The received results of the systemic retrospective analysis do not provide sufficient evidence for the clarification of the specific advantages of one method of surgical treatment of the alveolar process atrophy of the upper jaw or the part over another one. Each of the above-mentioned techniques should be selected in accordance with the anatomical conditions of the particular patient. The volume of necessary surgical interventions depends on the severity of the jaw bone tissue atrophy. Particularly important are the research results in conjunction with concomitant diseases. For reliable results, prospective clinical studies, including postmenopausal patients, who constitute a significant proportion of anatomical and functional impairment data, are necessary. Taking into account the results of such studies it may be possible in future to correct the process of bone recovery and ease its predictability.