DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION IS AN EFFECTIVE NON-INVASIVE METHOD OF NEUROSTIMULATION IN TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH ORGANIC BRAIN DISEASE

Organic brain disease in children is one of the most significant medical and social problems in modern pediatrics and neurology. This disease in children is most often associated with perinatal brain damage. This is a whole group of pathological conditions caused by the negative impact of adverse factors on the fetus or already a newborn child. The high level of plasticity of the brain in a newborn allows in most cases to overcome these pathological changes, therefore often the child does not have any symptoms after such a lesion. But in some cases, residual effects remain that may be transient or develop into more severe pathology - cerebral palsy, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, epilepsy and other. A search for effective methods of restoration of injured central nervous system functions is still underway. This review reveals modern views on the problem of organic brain disease in children and to the analysis of the possibility of including of a non-invasive neurostimulation method - direct current stimulation - in the complex treatment of children with organic brain disease. Transcranial direct current stimulation is a form of neurostimulation that allows changing the functional state of various parts of the CNS under the action of a low direct current (up to 1 mA). The directional influence of current stimulation is achieved with small areas (100-600 mm2) of electrodes. Direct current stimulation can be used as a separate therapeutic method, or in combination with standard physiotherapy to correct the excitability of the cerebral cortex and improve motor activity in patients with various neurological disorders. The direct current power used in transcranial direct current stimulation can be compared with the biopotentials of neurons, and it has been shown that transcranial direct current stimulation with an intensity of 1 mA for 10 minutes does not cause pathological oscillations and epileptiform activity in children, and thus can be used at pediatric treatment. The goal of the study was to analyze modern views on the problem of organic brain lesions in children and the possibility of using a non-invasive neurostimulation method - transcranial direct current stimulation - in the complex treatment of children with organic brain lesions. Modern domestic and foreign scientific sources on the etiology and pathogenesis of organic brain disease in children, as well as own clinical observations using methods of electroencephalography, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography of cerebral vessels based on the “Neurological Clinic of Dr. Yatsenko” (Kyiv, Ukraine) was the material for the study. The results of modern research reveal a number of areas and opportunities for the correction and treatment of organic brain disease in children. The results of our study indicate that complex therapy using the transcranial direct current stimulation in children with organic brain disease had a marked im-provement in the electroencephalographic pattern. In addition, transcranial direct current stimulation signifi-cantly reduced the high mean cerebral blood flow velocity per cycle in the basilar artery, middle and anterior cerebral arteries; in the comparison group, no statistically significant positive dynamics was observed. The findings suggest that the inclusion the method of transcranial direct current stimulation to the complex treatment of patients with organic brain disease improves the effectiveness of treatment and may positively influence the clinical course of the disease.