BOTULOTOXINS APPLICATION IN MEDICINE

Botulinum toxin is a protein-derived neurotoxin, produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum, which blocks the neuromuscular transmission of nerve impulses, as a result of what there is relaxation of facial muscles and the formation of wrinkles. It is the strongest organic poison known to science among the organic toxins and one of the most toxic substances. The penetration of the botulinum toxin in the body causes a toxic heavy defeat botulism, which in natural condition that occurs in humans, horses, birds, cattle, fur animals. The first information about botulinum toxin appeared in Germany in 1820 - as a result of death inquiry of several people. It was established that the toxin, which had been in sausage became the cause of death. These bacteria were first isolated by the Belgian doctor Emil Van Er-mengem. Only in 1944 botulinum toxin was isolated from the pure culture of bacteria and its property to block neuromuscular transmission was found in 1949. What is treated with botulinum toxin? In exces-sive sweating, botulinum toxin inhibits excessive secre-tion of the sweat glands in the underarms, palms and feet, that is why it is shown for therapeutic purposes in hyperhidrosis. Before the procedure, you should conduct a test of the Minor (iodine - starch test) to identify problematic areas of hyperhidrosis. Approximately 50 units of botulinum toxin is introduced in one zone. In recent years, botulinum toxin has proved itself among neurologists with the property of neurotransmitters production reduction in the brain. It makes it possible to reduce the intensity of headache in migraine and tension headache. Urinary incontinence is a fairly common problem among women. Botulinum injections of the neurotoxin effect on spasms of the bladder muscles, reducing their activity, but not completely paralyzing, in consequence of which people can control their urges. Depending of the place of administration of the toxin, any spasms can be removed. This is taken into account by specialists of maxillofacial surgery. If it is injected into the main masticatory muscle in bruxism, then after a few days in patients the gnashing of teeth decreases, and after a while it disappears altogether. Compared to steroid monotherapy, foot pain, combined treatment with the introduction of botulinum toxin is more effective, which facilitates recovery. American physician Eric Phinz proved that botu-linum toxin can treat depression. During experiencing emotions, certain mimic muscles are reduced , and a characteristic expression of the person is formed - an expression of joy, sorrow, anger, surprise, and dissatis-faction. Most of the negative emotions are associated with contractions of the muscles of the interbranch area and there are characteristic folds. In accordance with the law of reverse mimic connection, muscles reduction is associated with one or another emotion, the brain re-ceives signals, amplifying the experiences of this emo-tion. Are we constantly frowning? The most acute worry is all the negative! Studies have shown that when relaxing with the help of botulinum toxin muscles the mood improves, symptoms of depression diminish. This effect was also an accidental clinical finding: American physi-cian Eric Phinzas tried to smooth the wrinkles of his forehead and intercostal area of his mother suffering from depression.