Retrospective of Establishment of the Primary Education Institutions in Transcarpathia (the Period of XIX-XXI Centuries): Its Preconditions, Features, Trends

The purpose of this article is a scientific and theoretical substantiation of the preconditions, features and tendencies of the process of establishment a primary school of Transcarpathia in the second half of the XIX century and the beginning of the XXI century. To achieve this goal, the author applied a set of the methods of scientific and pedagogical research such as the search and bibliographic method was used to study archival, library and museum catalogs, collections, descriptions and bibliographic publications; the classifications and systematization of scientific and literary sources were used to determine the reference source database and objective data on the research problem; the historical-geographical method was applied to determine the territorial subordination of the Transcarpathian region and the corresponding educational transformations within the specified chronological limits; the use of a chronological, retrospective logic-system analysis aimed at studying the organization and management of the Transcarpathian primary school in the context of the implementation of historical-systemic educational transformations; the historical-comparative method was used to identify trends in regional primary school development. In this article the retrospective analysis of the process of formation and development of the primary education institutions in Transcarpathia in the second half of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX century. This article also clarifies the socio-economic, socio-political, educational and organizational preconditions for primary school development which depended on the educational and linguistic policies of the states to which territorially (according to the chronology) Transcarpathia belonged. Here the author also revealed and systematized the peculiarities of organization and content of activity of the Transcarpathian primary school. The author has highlighted the leading trends in the development of the primary school in the region, such as general, specific, repetitive tendencies with differentiation into organizational-managerial, educational-content, professional-oriented. This article also identifies a constructive retro experience of the Transcarpathian primary school for its further updating in the modern educational process