Problem of aesthetic education of the youth in social institutes of Transcarpathia in the first half of ХХ century: historical review

The current state and problems of aesthetic education of school youth in social institutions of Transcarpathia as a whole are impossible without taking into account the tendencies of the development of education in the past. This is very important as it allows us to use the best of the past in today's practice. The analysis of historical and pedagogical archives shows that the issue of aesthetic education in Transcarpathia can not be considered without taking into account the political, economic and general cultural events and processes that took place at that time. In the course of research, we used the following methods: retrospective analysis and synthesis of archival and modern printed materials on the subject under study, which allows us to observe the development of aesthetic education in Transcarpathia during the study period: method of comparison, document analysis, analogy, retrospective method, etc. As a result of the study, it was found that in the interwar period in Transcarpathia, a network of educational institutions grew sharply, in which about 120 thousand children were studying. The extra-curricular educational work in various social institutions, in particular, reading rooms and circles, has been developing dynamically. Particularly successful aesthetic education of youth was carried out by means of fine arts, music, choral singing and theatrical art. The great merit in this direction of the educational process belonged to the heads of educational institutions Andrii Alyskevych and Augustyn Voloshyn. It is emphasized that the Czechoslovak authorities fully supported the development of the museum business, the holding of exhibitions of works of arts and crafts, and educational work among the population. For studying the method of aesthetic education, the work of A. Voloshyn "Pedagogical Methodology: For Teachers and Teachers Seminars" is of great significance. So, in the section "Teaching the conveniences", he described in detail the method of teaching such disciplines as drawing and singing, which were obligatory subjects. He believed that singing and music is one of the main sources of aesthetic education of man. According to A. Voloshyn, drawing is of great importance in the aesthetic education of man, it develops the ability to comprehensively perceive things, forms a good taste, love for nature, contributes to the development of the culture of vision. The author believed that drawing should be not only a separate subject of study, but also the principle, that is, drawing in the educational process should be a means of clarity. An extremely important event in the field of aesthetic education of Transcarpathia in extracurricular work was the creation of educators Adalbert Erdeli and Joseph Bokshai Saturday and Sunday Public Art School in Uzhhorod. As part of the activity of this school students were involved not only in the process of aesthetic education, but also directed to the development of a future professional artist. Significant influence on the development of aesthetic tastes of the inhabitants of Subcarpathian Rus was the activity of the Society of Fine Arts, beginning in 1931. It was also discovered that the activities of such cultural societies as Prosvita, Zemstvo Folk Society, Educational Charitable Foundation, Plast and O. Dukhnovych Society were of great importance. Thanks to such culturally-educational institutions as Mukachevo Hungarian Royal State School Teacher Seminary and Mukachevo commercial school, in a few years Mukachevo became an important center of the teacher community, cultural and educational activities. The study and analysis of these issues on the subject under discussion open up prospects for further research in the field of the development of aesthetic education of youth in the postwar period.