Optimization of irrigation systems using digital technologies and sensors to improve the efficiency of water use in agriculture

In conditions of increasing scarcity of water resources, aggravated by climate change, optimization of water use in agricultural production is becoming a critically important task. This article is devoted to the study of the use of digital technologies and sensors as an effective tool for increasing the productivity of irrigation systems. The work provides a comprehensive analysis of various types of sensors used in modern irrigation, including soil moisture sensors that accurately determine the water content in the soil at different depths and prevent both waterlogging and drought; meteorological sensors that measure key environmental parameters such as air temperature, humidity, wind speed, precipitation and solar radiation required for calculating evapotranspiration and predicting plant water requirements; as well as plant health sensors that provide information about the physiological state of crops by measuring leaf temperature, chlorophyll content, NDVI index and other indicators, which allows timely detection of stress conditions associated with the water regime.