POLICY AT THE TIME OF ALI’S RULING IN ISLAMIC SOCIETY

Time of Ali who came to the power after the killing of Uthman by rebels who came from the centers of some states, witnessed intense political power struggle. When Ali become Khaliph, Islamic society was divided into three groups roughly. While the majority had allegiance with Ali, some of the second group who felt uncomfortable with the murder of Uthman choose to wait and see what might happen, and the other section in the second group choose to show rebelious attitude towards to the Khaliph. The third group which composed of some big companions of the sahaba choose to stay impartial. After coming to the power, Ali did some radical activities like dismissing all the governors who had been appointed by Uthman. Sehl b. Huneyf, couldn’t reach to Damascus to replace Muawiya who was a governor there. Muawiya agreed on allegiance with Ali on the condition of punishing the murderers of Uthman. Big number of the opposition group took part with the leadership of Aisha. Meccan group got big defeat by Ali’s group in the battle of Jamal that took place near to Basra. Talha and Zubayr who were leaders of opposition group died in that battle. At the end, the battle that took place between the Army of Ali and the Army of Muawiya ended with the call made by Muaviya group to the judgment of the book of Allah which is the Qur’an. Arbitration which was a system that offered to solve the political crises that Islamic society had been fallen in it. After the arbitration, the crises got deepen and deepen. Ali’s acceptance of the arbitration unwillingly, caused the group who was called as “Khawarij” to break with Ali. The defeat of Khawarij in the battle at Nahrawan increased the anger of them towards Ali. At the end, Ali was killed by Abdurrahmann b. Muljam who was a Khariji. All these political struggles caused the discussions to be taken to religious area. Some important opinions about the rebels and the committers of big sins came to existence. At this article, certain important details will be touched upon such as political struggles as well as some political discussions that took place at the end.