STUDY AND EVALUATION OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS: A REVIEW ON VARIOUS TECHNIQUES

Climate change or global warming are refers to the increasing average surface temperature on Earth, which affects life and natural resources in the recent decades. Increasing the atmospheric temperature resulting from absorption of certain gases due to solar energy leads to the Green house effect. Gases, such as Carbon dioxide (CO2), Water vapors, Nitrous Oxide (N2O), Ozone (O3) and Methane (CH4) which capture solar energy and radiated by the earth's Surface. CO2is one of chief green house gas. Rising the carbon dioxide levels continuously, warming atmosphere resulting from rising sea levels, agriculture disruptions, and stronger storms. To reduce the amount of Carbon dioxide in atmosphere Carbon Sequestration is needed. Carbon Sequestration is the process of capture and long-term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Storing the carbon dioxide in plants and soil (Terrestrial Sequestration), Underground (Geological Sequestration) and Deep in Ocean (Ocean Sequestration). Terrestrial or biologic sequestration is process of atmospheric carbon dioxide is stored as carbon in the stems and roots of plants and also in soil. Estimating the amount of forest biomass is very crucial for monitoring and estimating the amount of carbon that is lost or emitted during deforestation, and it will also give an idea of the forest potential to sequester and store carbon in the forest ecosystem. Estimations of forest carbon stocks are based upon the estimation of forest biomass. Whereas Geological and Ocean Sequestration are the storing the carbon dioxide in large tunnels. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) had great potential in current estimation, future prediction and management of Terrestrial carbon sequestration. In climate change mitigation, this approach can provide an efficient and cost - effective means of estimating above and below ground biomass, delineating spatial variability, predicting potential carbon stocks and revenues and outlining appropriate management strategies for localized and regional scale.