STEP-BY-STEP METHODS OF FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL SKILLS OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF NATURAL AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES IN THE PROCESS OF SOLVING OF EDUCATIONAL PROBLEMS

The article studies the problem of professional skills formation of prospective teachers of natural and mathematical sciences in the process of solving educational problems. The author analysed and presented a step-by-step methodology of professional skills formation of future teachers of natural and mathematical sciences in the course of solving educational problems. It is proved that the introduction of the developed technique involves the study of fundamentals of specific educational solutions development, active interaction between students in the search for solutions; the relation between theory and samples of specific educational solutions in which they are embodied. The method of formation of students' professional skills while solving educational problems involves various complex organizational forms, methods and techniques of psychological and educational training. Thus, the staged methodology can be used for lectures, practical classes, laboratory works and seminars, as well as during individual consulting work. In the process of staged methodology implementation there were used simulation games, group discussions, psychotechnic exercises, case studies, micro-situations, special tasks during pedagogical practice. The study presents a theoretical description summarizing professional skills formation of prospective teachers of natural and mathematical sciences in the process of solving educational problems. Based on the analysis of foreign and domestic literature and high school prerequisites how to improve the state of professional skills formation of prospective teachers of natural and mathematical sciences in the process of solving educational problems were identified. Structural components and technology of formation of professional skills of future teachers of natural and mathematical sciences in the solution of educational problems were theoretically grounded. It was proved that the solution of educational problems relates to creativity, which is to solve a series of educational problems that accompany each participant in the educational process. At the heart of every stage of the formation of professional skills to solve educational problems, as the research shows, is the relationship of all components of the educational process in strict compliance with the principles, steps, forms, tools and methods. Efficiency of the authorial staged methodology was proved experimentally. The main results of the research have been implemented in the educational process of higher educational institutions.