PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ TRAINING IN EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS OF THE TRANSCARPATHIA:THE RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS

Introduction. Appropriateness of our study is caused by the contradiction between the growing requirements to the professional level of modern teacher and incompleteness of the implementation in his preparation of the principle of integrating of educational innovations and historical and pedagogical achievements, the necessity of considering of the national and regional component. Purpose is to study the features of the professional training of the primary school teachers in the educational institutions of Transcarpathia during the second half of the 19th century and the early 21st century. Results. In the period that the author examines in Transcarpathia there was Uzhgorod Teacher's Seminary (since 1794), Uzhgorod Greek Catholic Women Teachers Seminary (since 1902) and Mukachiv Hungarian Royal State Folk School Seminary (since 1914). The Law "On Public Education" (since 1868) defined the organizational conditions of teachers' colleges. The analysis of the curricula showed that the study of the theory of education was obligatory, but the methodology of teaching has been only in the curricula of colleges for men. In the Czechoslovak period for the first time were organized the courses of external studies form where the teachers were preparing for maturity exams in teachers' seminaries. In the period of return of the Transcarpathia into Hungary acted the curriculum of mutual exchange between teachers and students of Uzhgorod and Budapest. But Hungary gradually reduces the number of students - the future teachers in schools with Ruthenian language teaching. The Soviet period is characterized by the unification of the plans for training primary school teachers, all the seminaries have been reorganized into Mukachiv Pedagogical College. In this College in a period from 1982 till 1992, the teaching took place also Hungarian, and Romanian on specialty "Primary teaching". In Transcarpathia of the early 21st century the number of the educational institutions which provide training of the primary school teachers, including with the national languages of instruction has increased: they are Mukachiv State University, Mukachiv Humanitarian Pedagogical College, Transcarpathian Hungarian Pedagogical Institute named after Ferenc Rakoczy II. Originality. Here is reasonable the process of formation and development of the system of training of the primary school teachers in the Transcarpathia region in the second half of the 19th century and the early 21st century as the consequent-dependent transformations in its organization, in its structure, in the contents of its activity, which are determined by the state-territorial subordination of this region. Conclusion. In this paper was revealed and actualized the constructive retro experience of training of the primary school teachers in Transcarpathia region (the regulatory support; the improvement of the system of training teachers for primary schools with the national languages of instruction, etc.).