METHODS AND APPROACHES ANALYSIS FOR BONE DEFECTS OF THE FACIAL SKELETON ELIMINATION

Osteoplastic material is a gold standard for bone tissue reconstruction. The autologous material may not give the immunological response of the body; this material also possesses not only osteoconductive, but also os-teoinductive properties. An alternative solution for auto transplantation is the use of allotransplants, which are the subject to special treatment, in which osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties remain. A method of saturation of allotransplants with solutions of antibiotics (neomycin and ciprofloxacin) was used with the help of low-frequency ultrasound. Satura-tion with antibiotics occurred immediately before the introduction. At the same time, the antimicrobial effect on the tissue of the operating field was stored on average up to one week. Other researchers used stem cells derived from the crust of the iliac bone. In addition to stem cells during puncture, precursors of osteoblasts, platelets, which syn-thesize growth factors for bone formation, can be ob-tained. Selected mesenchymal stem cells, hemopoietic stem cells that promote vascularization, cultured on nutri-ent media for 1-1.5 months, then placed in a spongy bone matrix. A group of authors (A.D. Kaprin, A.P. Polyakov, 2015) suggested a method for closing the defect of bone tissue of the mandible with the help of microsurgery auto transplants. When designing biocompatible materials, it is advisable to choose a biomimetic approach. Bone tissue is a peculiar composite that combines two physical phenomena: hardness (due to crystals of hydroxyapatite) and elasticity (due to collagen fibers). There is an experience of using porous bone blocks impregnated with blood clot in a patient in a combination of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate. This type of bio-ceramics can be used for contouring of the cellular part of the jaws and filling bone defects. The prevalence of osteoplastic materials based on β-tricalcium phosphate is very high. However, some authors noted the lack of matrix properties in these mate-rials due to their slow resorption with the subsequent formation of the zone of chronic inflammation. L. Can-ullo and co-authors conducted a study using a drug based on NanoBone hydroxyapatite. The most active investigations are in the use of biopolymers as materials for the production of porous matrixes. Among the biopolymers that are the priority for the creation of frames are synthetic poly-L-lactide and polylactide-glycolide and natural origin (cellulose, algi-nate, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate and collagen). Polymer materials have both positive and negative prop-erties. Positive properties include hydrophilicity, cell adhesion, and lack of toxicity for cells. Negative proper-ties include low mechanical strength and an unstable structure in combination with possible allergic reactions that may occur in reaction to collagen. Thus, from the given data it can be concluded that the first priority task of regenerative medicine, in particular reconstructive surgery, is the search for tech-niques and technologies for the creation of stable porous carcasses of a certain form.