Ethno psychological studios of F. Potushnyak

For literary critics, ethnopsychology is interesting because in its researches folklore and fiction of writers of different epochs are widely used as a material that reflects the features of the Ukrainian mentality. The scientific and creative activity of F. Patushniak is a vivid embodiment of his ideological beliefs. Transcarpathian Ukrainian artist deeply studied and systematized the philosophy, ethnography and ethnopsychology of the region, which gave him the opportunity in his own artistic work, first of all, in the novels, to depict a coherent picture of the specifics of the spirit of Transcarpathian Ukrainian in basic psychological traits. The writer departed from the practice of ethnographic writing of his predecessors and worked in the framework of modern literature, which placed the person in the center of attention, "its internal problems and mental processes". The purpose of the present study is to outline the mental profile of Transcarpathian Ukrainian in F. Potopushniak's journalism and its ethnopsychological and ethnographic works. The psychological structure of the nature of Transcarpathian Ukrainian F. Potushnyak explored mainly in the writings "Worldview of Transcarpathian people" and "Transcarpathian Ukrainian ethnography". The researcher outlined the main characterological features of the psychotype of a Ukrainian of Zakarpattya at the beginning of the 20th century: mysticism, superstition, great attachment to his native chip - his land, nature, family, distrust and humiliation, and, at the same time, a protest against social injustice. F. Potushnyak emphasized such distinctive features of the Transcarpathian temperament from other regional ethnotypes of Ukrainians, such as collectivism and rationalism, as opposed to individualism and cordocentrism. Ethnopsihologicheskie research F. Potushnyak organically complements his novels, where the mentality of Transcarpathian Ukrainians is revealed directly in psycho-behavioral reactions to vital, often boundary situations. F.Potushnyak, armed with ethnosciological knowledge, in his own novels, was modeling a characteristic character portrait of Ukrainians of the historical and ethnographic region of Transcarpathia. The writer pointed to the problems of a complex of fear, superstition, low-levelness, humiliation of Transcarpathians. Focusing on the disadvantages of ethnonality of Ukrainians in Transcarpathia is aimed at eliminating them, improving people's self-perfection, and improving the people's spirit. Covering such benefits as freedom of love, protest against social injustice and ties with the earth, the family points to the unique, proud and highly moral nature of Transcarpathian Ukrainians.