THE HISTORICAL ABDUCTION METHOD IN THE STUDY OF HYBRID CONFLICTS AT THE INTERSTATE LEVEL AND IN BUSINESS ACTIVITY

The article focuses on significant radical and irreversible changes that the global security situation has undergone in recent years. It is argued that modern interstate confrontations are characterized by the use of a set of militaries, quasi-military, diplomatic, financial-economic, informational, historical-ideological, cultural and other means in order to achieve strategic political goals. This led to the emergence of new challenges and threats both to the national security of individual states and enterprises, and to international security as a whole. Therefore, the author substantiated the relevance of the study of hybrid conflicts and the need to develop and constantly update and supplement the theoretical and methodological tools for their knowledge both at the state level and in business activity, taking into account the insignificant degree of their study. The author emphasized the importance of using a systemic interdisciplinary approach in the scientific knowledge of the factors of the development of hybrid confrontations in view of their multiplicity and complexity. Systemicity in this case will be manifested primarily in the unification of a number of approaches to solving security problems, which will help to ensure a synergy effect — an increase in the effectiveness of research as a result of the integration of scientific knowledge methods into a single system and, as a result, the discovery of fundamentally new patterns of development of security factors, in particular hybrid conflicts. Using a combination of methods of scientific knowledge will make it possible to find an optimal or alternative path to scientific truth. Therefore, the article states that the study of the peculiarities of ensuring national security, in particular the financial security of the state and business entities, hybrid financial conflicts as their destabilizing factor, should be based on both general scientific methods, which are used for various sciences, and special ones — when solutions of applied scientific problems. The research uses a set of general scientific and empirical methods of scientific knowledge, including: theoretical generalization, induction and deduction, the method of scientific abstraction, grouping and systematization, analysis and synthesis, the method of comparison, the method of graphic visualization and others. The article proposes to use the method of historical abduction, formed on a two-component combination of the time factor when studying the conditions for the emergence, formation and development of hybrid conflicts and the factor of establishing an abductive conclusion, which is based on reasoning from the available data before choosing one of the alternative hypotheses that best explains them. The author's use of the method of historical abduction is illustrated on the example of hybrid aggressions at the interstate level (hybrid war of Russia against Ukraine) and at the level of business units (raiding).