THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND PEDAGOGICAL PREREQUISITES OF VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS DEVELOPMENT IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH – THE EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

The organizational and pedagogical prerequisites of development of vocational schools, pedagogical initiatives, achievements and their impact on the education in Donbas region in the second half of the 19th – the early 20th century are analyzed and highlighted in the article. The vast majority of vocational schools was established for the professional education of men. The educational institutions for the vocational education of women were created mainly by private initiative. The innovative approaches to the practical classes were developed by the outstanding teachers of that time. During the career choices the analysis of capability and physical abilities of children was made at some stage of general education. The educators of that time owned the great merit in the identifying the role of primary vocational school in the development of the future worker. In addition, the initiative of the 1st National Congress convening of the technical and vocational education leaders belonged to them. Teachers of the 19th century paid attention to the organization of work and methods of education of young and adult workers. Congresses have played an important role in the development of theory, methods and practices of both professional and extracurricular general education. The socio-political and economic conditions, the abolition of serfdom, the reforms, the worsening of economic, national and political, social and cultural contradictions in society had a positive effect on the organization of educational work of primary school teachers. This led to a school reform in the 60's of the 19th century. Teachers found the insufficient financing of the school network, the difficult economic situation of the population, lack of schools, lack of national school policy, inconsistency in the authorities' policy of socio-economic and humanitarian needs of primary education. All this negatively affected on the organization of teaching at primary schools.