THE FIXED PHRASE SCHEMES WITH THE COMPULSORY COMPONENTS «SI» AND «IF» IN THE SPANISH AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES

The article is devoted to the description and the comparative analysis of the Spanish and the English fixed phrase schemes with the compulsory components «si» and «if». Such syntactic phraseological units are characterized by the reproducibility, structural and semantic stability and integrity, idiomaticity, expressiveness and stylistic colouring and are formed on the basis of the conditional clause, the part of the complex sentence. Both fixed phrase schemes have equal system of meanings. Their syntactic model includes two compulsory components – the changeable and unchangeable ones. The compulsory unchangeable component is characterized by the zero lexical, grammatical and morphological paradigms. The compulsory changeable component is composite and is built on the basis of the simple sentence. In the first case it plays the role of a subject, and that is why it has the lexical and grammatical paradigm: it can be expressed by a personal pronoun or a noun in the nominative case. But in the Spanish fixed phrase scheme it can be eliminated. The second element plays the role of a predicate and it is only represented by a verbal lexeme. In the Spanish fixed phrase scheme it is expressed exclusively by the form in the Part Subjunctive Tense, in the English one – by three finite forms, more often in the Past Tense. Both fixed phrase schemes do not have syntactic paradigm due to the word-order inconvertibility of the compulsory unchangeable and changeable components. Besides, the English fixed phrase scheme has one optional syntactic structure component. The comparative analysis of the Spanish and the English fixed phrase schemes with the compulsory components «si» and «if» has shown that they are characterized by different phraseologization degree: it is higher in the Spanish language. The analyzed fixed phrase schemes are expressive; they are frequently used in colloquial speech, primarily in the dialogical one. The realization of these syntactic constructions pragmatic potential is directed to the improvement the communication effectiveness as a whole